Have最基本用法“有”

拥有是个及物动词，句法结构属于主谓宾，这个用法很简单。

Have 的动词变位：

Have

Has

Had

Having

Had

 

Have 的完成时态

Has/have had

Had had

He had a new car and a boat. （例句来自牛津字典）

I don’t have that much money on me.（例句来自牛津字典）

Oscar had a new bicycle.（例句来自柯林斯字典）

I want to have my own business.（例句来自柯林斯字典）

She had no job and no money.（例句来自柯林斯字典）

You have beautiful eyes.（例句来自柯林斯字典）

Do you have any brothers and sisters?（例句来自柯林斯字典）

Have高级用法“使”

“使...怎样”是个及物动词，句法结构属于“主谓宾 + 宾补”，这个用法不太好掌握。

Have 的动词变位：

Have

Has

Had

Having

Had

 

Have 的完成时态

Has/have had

Had had

• Have + 宾语 + 形容词

1.Mary had her eyes closed. （例句来自牛津字典）

分析：Mary让eyes处于closed的状态。Closed形容词做宾补。

2.They had the curtains open.（例句来自牛津字典）

分析：They让curtains处于 open的状态。 open形容词做宾补。

• Have + 宾语 + 过去分词

1.I had your rooms cleaned and aired.（例句来自柯林斯字典）

分析：I让rooms被人cleaned and aired。cleaned 和 aired过去分词做宾补。我找人把屋子打扫的，但我自己没有做。

2.They had him killed. （例句来自柯林斯字典）

分析：They让him被人 killed。 killed过去分词做宾补。他们找人把他结果了的，但他们自己没有做。

3.We had our money stolen.

分析：We让our money被人stolen。stolen过去分词做宾补。我让人把钱偷了，但我们自己没有偷。自己也不可能偷自己的钱嘛，意思是说钱被别人偷走了。

•  have + 宾语 + 不带to的不定式

1.The boss had the secretary type the letter for him.

分析：The boss让secretary 打字。type the letter做宾补。老板让秘书打字，老板不打字。

2.The teacher makes us read the novel.

分析：The teacher让us读书。read the novel做宾补。老师让我们读书，老板不读书。

Have跨界用法“已经”，此时的have就不在是动词啦，而是助动词。

助动词小科普：它自己不能当谓语，只是起到助力的作用。既然是助力的作用，就不要太把自己当回事儿。打辅助，不打主攻。

 

此时的助动词have只有三种简单的变化

Have + done = 现在完成时

Has + done = 现在完成时

had + done = 过去完成时

1. Have got = have，这种用法出现在英式英语，*人愿意用have got来表示“拥有”。

Have you got a job yet?（例句来自牛津字典）

She’s got a BA in English.（例句来自牛津字典）

2. 完成时

Alex has already gone. （例句来自柯林斯字典）

What have you found so far?（例句来自柯林斯字典）

Frankie hasn’t been feeling well for a long time. （例句来自柯林斯字典）

Had与had，傻傻分不清

Had①：have的过去式，用于谓语，表示过去的时态

Had②：have的过去分词，不能单独使用，与have勾结，变成完成时。

Had③：助动词have的变位，与done勾结，让动词变身过去完成时。

I had① a car. 我曾经拥有一辆车。现在没有了。

I have③ had② a car. 我此刻已经拥有了一辆车。

I had③ finished reading the book before last Friday. 在上周五前，就读完了。

咋样，脑容量还能扛得住吗？扛得住的话，我继续加深了啊！

Have done sth 和have sth done

I have③ repaired the chair. 我修理了。

I have① the chair repaired. 我让椅子被别人修理了。找人修了。

I have③ cut my hair. 我自己把头发剃了。

I have① my hair cut. 我让Tony老师给我理的发。

They had③ killed him. 他们亲自把他结果了。

They had① him killed. 他们叫人把他做了。

She has③ bought that book. 她买了那本书

She has① that book bought. 她让别人买了那本书（是不是送给她自己，不知道。可能她就是促销员，卖书的）

最后来一个绝的

I had had that pen for five years but lost it last Friday. 上周五把笔弄丢了，在周五之前都买回来五年了。

谁知道第一个had是啥，第二个had是啥？快来留言吧。